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2023年04月

Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tool Machining Methods

Tungsten carbide cutting tool when used in machining has four main machining methods to achieve shape precision, which are movement track method, rapid prototyping, form copying method and generating method.
 
I. Movement track method
Also known as tool nose movement track method, it achieves shape precision through the movement track of tool nose. When the tungsten carbide cutting tool moves around the workpiece, the surface geometry required will be obtained according to the movement track of the tool nose. 
 
II. Rapid prototyping
It is a kind of machining method carried out by using formed tungsten carbide cutting tools. The cutting edge of formed cutting tools is the shape of workpieces. This method can simplified the machine tool and cutting movement and thus improve efficiency.
III. Form copying method
When form copying method is adopted, the cutting tool will drilling inserts suppliers conduct machining according to copying device. The shape precision achieved by adopting form copying method depends on the precision of the copying device and that of its forming movement.
 
IV. Generating method (generation method)
In this method, the workpiece and the tungsten carbide cutting tool do generating motion during machining. The surface gained by adopting generating method is enveloping surface formed by the generating motion done by the cutting edge and the workpiece. The cutting edge shape must be the conjugate curve of the surface being processed.
 
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Failure Modes of Tungsten Carbide Cutters Ⅵ

In part 5 we know that although carbide material is hard, tungsten carbide cutters can still deform plastically due to a high enough temperature to soften the binder metal, and such a tiny thermal deformation can result in the function failure of assembly tools. In this part we will talk about cracking which is also one of the most common failure modes of tungsten carbide cutters.

6. Cratering failure

Failure known as “cratering” is a localized form of erosion in which a depression develops at the point where a continuous stream of metal or particulate-bearing liquid or gas strikes the working surface of the tungsten carbide cutter’s component. At operating temperatures high enough to soften the binder metal (those exceeding about 900° C.) cratering can take place rapidly. Very fine-grained carbides are particularly susceptible to cratering since smaller grains are locked into the carbide surface by a relatively thin layer of binder metal. As the crater increases in size and depth the carbide is weakened to the point where normal operating stresses produce mechanical failure in the area of the crater.

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(To be continued. This article is divided into 9 parts and this is part 6, for part 5 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79348-ti-10146 ; for part 7 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79387-ti-10153)

 

Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email:sales@chinatungsten.com
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Typical Tips to Increase Titanium Machining

Posted on Oct. 19th, 2020, | By Candy, WayKen Rapid Manufacturing

There is a number of elements that are added to titanium to increase its performance capabilities. Titanium undergoes an allotropic transformation at a temperature of over 800 C. The elements that decrease the temperature of titanium usability are called beta stabilizers and the ones that heighten it are called alpha stabilizers. Depending on the contents of the stabilizers, titanium alloys are divided into 4 groups.

  • Unalloyed titanium. Basically just titanium. The unalloyed version has the best corrosion resistance but low strength.
  • Alpha alloys. Alpha alloys have better creep resistance so they are used for high-temperature performance.
  • Alpha-beta alloys. This group is the most widespread because of its great properties. Alpha stabilizers add to the heat resistance of the material and beta stabilizers add to the strength of the alloy. The most common alpha-beta alloy Ti-6Al-4V accounts for almost 50 % of the whole titanium alloy market.
  • Beta alloys. Those alloys are harder than all the previous groups, however, their density is higher as well.
  • Ready to Start Your New Project Now?

    Let us not delve deep into the mechanics of titanium milling, titanium turning or titanium grinding, tool wear and chip generation mechanics. Instead, here is a summary of 7 points why titanium is such a hassle to machine.

  • Titanium retains high strength even at high temperatures and its plastic deformation resistance persists even at cutting speeds. This makes cutting forces much larger compared to any steel.
  • When the chip forms after all, it is very thin and the contact area between the chip and the tool is three times smaller than that of steel. Due to that, the tip of the tool has to withstand almost all the cutting force.
  • Titanium alloys have a high friction coefficient to the cutting tool materials. This increases the cutting temperature and the forces.
  • At a temperature of over 500 degrees centigrade, titanium chemically reacts with the majority of tool materials. Oh, and titanium has a tendency to self-ignite when cut if the heat buildup is too high, so using coolant when cutting titanium alloys is an absolute must.
  • Due to a low contact area and the thinness of the chips, all the heat during the cutting process goes to the tool, which significantly lowers its life. Only high-pressure coolants can keep up with the heat buildup.
  • Titanium alloys have a very low modulus of elasticity. This can bring about additional vibration, tool chatter, and deflection.
  • At low cutting speeds, the material can stick to the cutting edge and it is extremely bad for the surface finish.
  • ?

    So, as you can see there is quite a number of significant problems. However, the manufacturing engineers all over the world have come up with a lot of strategies to increase titanium machining speeds.

    Cutting tool choice is the first step to a successful CNC aluminum and titanium machining process. The main thing to choose is the material. Over the years a number of hard alloys have proven themselves to be good at titanium cutting. In order to be good at machining titanium parts, the tools must have a number of properties.

    • The tools must be hard at high temperatures.
    • They must have a high resistance to chatter.
    • They must have high fatigue properties because cip generation with titanium is a cyclic process.
    • They must be chemically neutral to hot titanium.
    • They must have high strength.
    • They must have a good thermal conductivity rate to compensate for the titanium slow rate.

    ?

    The most suitable tool material range that has all of the above mentioned properties is the WC/Co alloys. Another possible solution is the high-speed steels because they are very resistant to chipping. Diamond tools have also shown good performance against titanium wear. You can look up our Diamond machining tips here.

    Another viable way to increase the performance of titanium machining is to apply special titanium machining strategies. Our titanium machining services have become quite proficient at choosing the correct cutting parameters to cut the time of titanium machining to a minimum. However, apart from parameter optimization, there are some unconventional machining strategies that can greatly increase the cutting speeds of titanium.

    These tools were developed by the General Electric company. They use tools that have a thin protruding ledge. instead of the whole tool, only this thin ledge cuts the titanium. Since the chip is very thin as well, there is no difference, however, the ledge wears slower and it is easier to sharpen. The flank of the ledge wears quickly and then stays constant during the wear of the rest of the ledge, which happens slower with constant flanks.

    Rotary inserts are used for titanium turning. They have been impossible before due to the lack of precision in machine tool design. However, the level of manufacturing technology now makes its use possible. The main principle is that the tool insert has a round form and revolves around the fixture as the tool cuts the stock. That way, the heat transfer is much faster and the tool doesn’t heat up as much. So, cutting speeds can be increased.

    Adding ultrasonic vibration to the cutting tool actually makes chip formation easier. Titanium chip has very bad elasticity that is worsened by the deformation hardening when the cutting edge starts to cut the material. Ultrasonic waves?encourage chip fracture instead of deformation and that has a positive influence on the tool life, surface finish, the characteristics of the tool, it prevents material buildup on the cutting edge and allows the machinist to increase cutting speeds.

    Choosing the right machining tips and raw materials for your next rapid prototyping is really an important part when you expect the performance. At WayKen, we will be glad to provide more of your professional advice, please feel free to contact us: info@waykenrm.com or upload your CAD file there.

    Carbide Insert Manufacturer

    Tungsten Carbide Miter Saw (2)

    During framing operation, tungsten carbide miter saw could cut through a workpiece in a quick and controlled motion by spinning down circular saw blade, and the tungsten carbide tipped teeth enable it to deal with hard material. The workpiece is typically held against a fence to form a cutting angle (angle between the blade plane and the longest workpiece edge), which will be fixed at 90°in standard position.
     

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    Miter index, as one primary characteristic of tungsten carbide miter saw, it enables the blade angle changes to be matched with the fence. For most miter saws miter index could be set as precise one-degree incremental changes.


    Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
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    Comparing BTO And VTO Hydrogen Reduction

    Fine grain carbide due to its high toughness, high wear resistance and good high temperature strength, excellent performance in recent years, been increasingly widespread attention, the demand and applications continue to expand. Ultrafine tungsten powder, tungsten carbide powder is an important raw material for the production of fine-grain carbide powder particle size and uniformity strongly affect the performance of Carbide, how to produce a fine particle size and uniform ultrafine tungsten powder is made Take the key to ultra-fine grain carbide.

    Performance tungsten oxide materials will directly affect the reduction behavior of tungsten powder and final product performance, therefore, the question about what kind of material most suitable for the production of ultra-fine tungsten powder materials science has always been of widespread concern workers. Although blue tungsten by hydrogen reduction process is currently taking the most widely used tungsten powder raw materials, as long as at low temperatures, dry hydrogen, high hydrogen flow conditions thin material layers, you can use hydrogen reduction cemented carbide inserts process for the production of tungsten blue ultrafine tungsten powder, but too high hydrogen flow rate and the material layer is too thin will lead to increase in cost. Purple tungsten in recent years to develop a tungsten oxide product, its phase component WO2.72 or W18O49, due to its unique properties, in the production of ultra-fine tungsten powder reflects its superiority, many materials and metallurgy scholar have carried out their research.

    Under the same conditions, the comparison of the performance difference between blue and purple tungsten tungsten production of hydrogen reduction of tungsten powder. The results show that: Compared with blue tungsten, tungsten powder size purple tungsten produced finer and more uniform, and tungsten powder particle size less affected by the amount of loading boats and hydrogen flow. And from the microscopic structure and mechanism of hydrogen reduction of raw materials analyzes the causes of both tungsten powder raw materials to produce different size and uniformity of the difference.

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    Tungsten Powder Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-powder.com
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